Abstract

The State of “Schizo” in Psychiatry: A Mini-Review

Author(s): Jim van Os* and Sinan Guloksuz

Thomas Kuhn's theory of scientific paradigms suggests that mature sciences are defined by scientifically valid paradigms guiding research and practice. However, psychiatry, particularly in addressing severe mental suffering, has not achieved such maturity due to ongoing debates over mental disorder classifications like schizophrenia. Schizophrenia, traditionally viewed as a severe, chronic brain disorder, exemplifies the limitations of a biomedical, reductionist approach, lacking robust biological markers and consistent treatment outcomes. This article argues for the reconceptualization of Psychosis as a Spectrum Disorder (PSD), it provides a more thorough view of mental health by recognizing the range of variance within the group of psychotic, intellectual, emotional and motivational events, as well as their connection with additional mental disorders. This approach aligns with the moral era of medicine, emphasizing patient-centred care, ethical practice, and social responsibility. The broad diagnosis of PSD followed by a personalized clinical characterization framework, which assesses various symptom dimensions, aspects of cognition and individual factors, represents a significant advancement towards more effective, inclusive, and compassionate mental health care.

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