Abstract
Predictive Factors of Bipolar Disorder in Hospitalized Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
Author(s): Farah Moayedi, Faezeh Hasanvand, Shahram Zare, Ali Salimi Asl, Mohammad Hosein Sheybani-Arani, Ali Massoudifar, Seyed Hamzeh Seddigh and Fatemeh Khajavi-Mayvan*Introduction: Bipolar Mood Disorder (BMD) is a debilitating psychiatric illness with features of mania, hypomania, and depressive episodes. The correlation between some features of major depressive episodes and change of diagnosis to BMI has been investigated in previous studies. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate predictive factors of BMD in hospitalized patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).
Materials and methods: In this retrospective descriptive study, medical files of all patients admitted to Ibn-e-Sina Hospital in Bandar Abbas with an MDD diagnosis between 2011 and 2015 were evaluated. Inclusion criteria were at least one readmission, at least a 3-month interval between 1st and 2nd admissions and at least a 3-year follow-up in patients without change of diagnosis. Patients' information including age at first admission, gender, marital status, education, drug abuse, family history of mood disorders, suicidal thoughts, psychotic symptoms, atypical depressive symptoms during depressive episodes, age at the change of diagnosis to BMD, time to change of diagnosis, the total number of admissions, admissions with MDD and an average number of admissions per year were recorded in a checklist. The acquired data were then entered into the SPSS software for statistical analysis and appropriate statistical tests such as chi-square and Fisher's exact test were used to analyze the data.
Results: In general, the medical files of 183 patients with MDD were evaluated. Among them, 101 (55.2%) were male and 82 (44.8%) were female. The mean age at first admission was 35.39 ± 1.56 years. Change of diagnosis occurred in 51 patients (27.9%). The average total number of admissions, the average age at the change of diagnosis, and the mean time to change of diagnosis were 37.04 ± 12.26 years, 3.93 ± 3.85, and 40.82 ± 65.4 months (3.4 ± 5.45 years), respectively. A significant reverse relationship was found between drug abuse and change of diagnosis to BMD (P=0.033). In addition, there was a significant correlation between atypical and psychotic symptoms with the change of diagnosis (P<0.001 and P=0.004, respectively). Number of admissions with MDD was also significantly higher in those with a change of diagnosis (P=0.006). However, in logistic regression, only atypical sympotms were significantly correlated with a change of diagnosis to BMD (OR=35.45, 95% CI, 9.53-131.84, P<0.001).
Conclusion: A typical and psychotic symptoms during depressive episodes, lack of drug abuse, and higher hospital admissions with MDD can predict the change of diagnosis to BMD in patients with MDD.